Mpala Research Centre and Conservancy Publications

2010

Adamski, D., Copeland, R.S., Miller, S.E., Hebert, P.D.N., Darrow, K., Luke, Q. 2010. A review of African Blastobasinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae), with new taxa reared from native fruits in Kenya. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 630: v-68.

Augustine, D.J. 2010. Response of native ungulates to drought in semi-arid Kenyan rangeland. African Journal of Ecology, online.

Baldock, K., Memmott, J., Guajardo, J.R., Roze, D., Stone, G. 2010. Daily temporal structure in African savannah flower-visitation networks, and consequences for network sampling. Ecology, in press (online).

Brody, A.K., Palmer, T.M., Fox-Dobbs, K., Doak, D.F. 2010. Termites, vertebrate herbivores, and the fruiting success of Acacia drepanolobium. Ecology 91: 399-407.

Fischhoff, I.R., Sundaresan, S.R., Larkin, H.M., Sellier, M., Cordingley, J.E., Rubenstein, D.I. 2010. A rare fight in female plains zebra. Journal of Ethology 28: 201-205.

Fox-Dobbs, K., Doak, D.F., Brody, A.K., Palmer, T.M. 2010. Termites create spatial structure and govern ecosystem function by affecting N2 fixation in an East African savanna. Ecology 91: 1296-1307.

Franz, T.E., Caylor, K.K., Nordbotten, J.M., Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Celia, M.A. 2010. An ecohydrological approach to predicting regional woody species distribution patterns in dryland ecosystems. Advances in Water Resources 33: 215-230.

Goheen, J.R., Palmer, T.M. 2010. Defensive plant-ants stabilize megaherbivore-driven landscape change in an African savanna. Current Biology 19: 1768-1772.

Goheen, J.R., Palmer, T.M., Keesing, F., Riginos, C., Young, T.P. 2010. Large herbivores facilitate savanna tree establishment via diverse and indirect pathways. Journal of Animal Ecology 79: 372-382.

Gregory, N.C., Sensenig, R.L., Wilcove, D.S. 2010. Effects of controlled fire and livestock grazing on bird communities in East African savannas. Conservation Biology 24: 1606-1616.

King, E.G., Caylor, K.K. 2010. Herbivores and mutualistic ants interact to modify tree photosynthesis. New Phytologist 187: 18-22.

Kinyua, D.M., McGeoch, L.E., Georgiadis, N., Young, T.P. 2010. Short-term and long-term effects of tilling, fertilization, and seeding onthe restoration of a tropical rangeland. Restoration Ecology 18S1:226-233.

Kuria, S.K., Villet, M.H., Palmer, T.M., Stanton, M.L. 2010. A comparison of two sampling methods for surveying mammalian herbivore impacts on beetle communities in the canopy of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya. African Entomology 18: 87-98.

O’Brien, T.G. 2010. Wildlife picture index and biodiversity monitoring: issues and future directions. Animal Conservation 13: 350-352.

O’Brien, T.G., Baillie, J.E.M., Krueger, L., Cuke, M. 2010. The Wildlife Picture Index: monitoring top trophic levels. Animal Conservation 13: 335-343.

Ogada, D.L., Keesing, F. 2010. Decline of raptors over a three-year period in Laikipia, Central Kenya. Journal of Raptor Research 44: 129-135.

Palmer, T.M., Doak, D.F., Stanton, M.L., Young, T.P., Bronstein, J.L., Goheen, J.R., Pringle, R.M. 2010. The joy of sets: synergy of multiple partners increases fitness in an ant-plant mutualism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107: 17234-17239.

Pringle, R.M., Doak, D.F., Brody, A.K., Jocque´, R., Palmer, T.M. 2010. Spatial pattern enhances ecosystem functioning in an African savanna. PLoS Biology 8: 1-12.

Riginos, C. & J.E. Herrick. Monitoring Rangeland Health: A Guide for Pastoralists and Other Land Managers in Eastern Africa, Version II. Nairobi, Kenya: ELMT-USAID/East Africa. PDF

Rubenstein, D.I. 2010. Ecology, social behavior, and conservation in zebras. In R. Macedo (Ed.), Advances in the Study Behavior: Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Animals, Vol. 42, PP. 231­258.

Sensenig, R., Demment, M., Laca, E. 2010. Allometric scaling predicts preferences for burned patches in a guild of East African grazers. Ecology 91: 2898-2907.

Stanton, M.L., Palmer, T.M. 2010. The high cost of mutualism: effects of four species of East African ant symbionts on their myrmecophyte host tree. Ecology, in press

Treydte, A.C., Riginos, C., Jeltsch, F. 2010. Enhanced use of beneath-canopy vegetation by grazing ungulates in African savannahs. Journal of Arid Environments 74: 1597-1603.

Veblen, K.E., Young, T.P. 2010. Contrasting effects of cattle and wildlife on the vegetation development of a savanna landscape mosaic. Journal of Ecology 98: 993-1001.

Woodroffe, R. 2010. Ranging behaviour of African wild dog packs in a human-dominated landscape. Journal of Zoology, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00747.x.

Woodroffe, R. (In Press). Demography of a recovering African wild dog(Lycaon pictus) population. Journal of Mammalogy.

Yusuf, A.A., Pirk, C.W.W., Crewe, R.M., Njagi, P.G.N., Gordon, I., Torto, B. 2010. Nestmate Recognition and the Role of Cuticular Hydrocarbons in the African Termite Raiding Ant Pachycondyla analis. Journal of Chemical Ecology 36: 441-448.

2009

Campos, D.P., Bander, L.A., Raksi, A., Blumstein, D.T. 2009. Perch exposure and predation risk: a comparative study in passerines. Acta Ethologica 12: 93-98.

Cordingley, J.E., Sundaresan, S.R., Fischhoff, I.R., Shapiro, B., Ruskey, J., Rubenstein, D.I. 2009. Is the endangered Grevy¹s zebra threatened by hybridization? Animal Conservation 12: 505-513.

Cordingley, J.E., Sundaresan, S.R., Larison, B.J., Shapiro, B., Rubenstein, D.I. 2009. Grevy¹s zebra conservation: overcoming threats of isolation, genetic hybridization and demographic instability. Animal Conservation 12: 520-521.

Didier, K.A., Wilkie, D., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Frank, L., Georgiadis, N., Graham, M., Ihwagi, F., King, A., Cotterill, A., Rubenstein, D.I., Woodroffe, R. 2009. Conservation planning on a budget: a “resource light” method for mapping priorities at a landscape scale? Biodiversity and Conservation 18: 1979-2000.

Fischhoff, I.R., Dushoff, J., Sundaresan, S.R., Cordingley, J.E., Rubenstein, D.I. 2009. Reproductive status influences group size and persistence of bonds in male plains zebra (Equus burchelli). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 63: 1035-1043.

Fong, T.E., DeLong, T.W., Hogan, S.B., Blumstein, D.T. 2009. The importance of indirect cues for white-browed sparrow-weaver (Plocepasser mahali) risk assessment. Acta Ethologica 12: 79-85.

Isbell, L.A., Young, T.P., Jaffe, K.E., Carlson, A.A., Chancellor, R.L. 2009. Demography and life history of sympatric patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas, and vervets, Cercopithecus aethiops, in Laikipia, Kenya. International Journal of Primatology 30: 103-124.

Jaffe, K.E., Isbell, L.A. 2009. After the fire: benefits of reduced ground cover for vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). American Journal of Primatology 71: 252-260.

Laidre M.E. 2009. Informative breath: olfactory cues sought during social foraging among old world monkeys (Mandrillus sphinx, M. leucophaeus, and Papio anubis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 123: 34–44.

Low, B., Sundaresan, S.R., Fischoff, I.R., Rubenstein, D.I. 2009. Partnering with local communities to identify conservation priorities for endangered Grevy’s zebra. Biological Conservation 142: 1548-1555.

McNutt, J.W., Woodroffe, R. 2009. Lycaon pictus. In J.S. Kingdon, & M. Hoffmann (Eds), The Mammals of Africa Vol 5. Carnivora, Pholidota, Perissodactyla. In J. Kingdon, T. Butynski, & D. Happold (Eds), The Mammals of Africa Vols 1-6.

Muoria, P.K., Muruthi, P., Low, B., Omondi, P., Mutua, C.M., Benard, J., Oguge, N.O., King, J., Sundaresan, S.R., Chege, G., Parker, G. 2009. Kenya launches national strategy to conserve Grevy’s zebra. Oryx 43: 171-172.

Odadi, W.O., Okeyo-Owuor, J.B., Young, T.P 2009. Behavioural responses of cattle to shared foraging with wild herbivores in an East Africa rangeland. Journal of Applied Animal Behaviour Science 116: 120-125.

Ogada, M.O., Aloo, P. A., Muruthi, P. M. 2009. The African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis Schinz, 1821) and its diet as an indicator of crayfish invasion dynamics in aquatic systems. African Journal of Ecology 47: 119-120.

Riginos, C. 2009. Grass competition suppresses savanna tree growth across multiple demographic stages. Ecology 90: 335-340.

Riginos, C., Grace, J.B., Augustine, D.J., Young, T.P. 2009. Local versus landscape-scale effects of savanna trees on grasses. Journal of Ecology 97: 1337-1345.

Rubenstein, D.I., Nuñez, C. 2009. Sociality and reproductive skew in horses and zebras. In R. Hager, & C.B. Jones (Eds.), Reproductive Skew in Vertebrates: Proximate and Ultimate Causes, PP. 196-226.

Rubenstein, D.R., Lovette, I.J. 2009. Reproductive skew and selection on female ornamentation in social species. Nature 462: 786-789.

Rubenstein, D.R., Shen, S.F.. 2009. Reproductive conflict and the costs of social status in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. The American Naturalist 173: 650-661.

Rubin, B.E., Makarewich, C.A., Talaba, A.L., Stenzler, L., Bogdanowicz, S.M., Lovettet, I.J. 2009. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from the acacia-ant Crematogaster mimosae. Molecular Ecology Resources 9: 1212-1214.

Shorrocks, B., Croft, D.P. 2009. Necks and networks: a preliminary study of population structure in the reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata de Winston). African Journal of Ecology 47: 374-381.

Sundaresan, S.R., Fischoff, I.R., Dushoff, J. 2009. Avoiding spurious findings of nonrandom social structure in association data. Animal Behaviour 77: 1381-1385.

Woodroffe, R., Chapman, K. & Lemusana, E. 2009. Solitary breeding in an African wild dog (Lycaon Pictus). African Journal of Ecology 47: 790-791.

2008

Coleman, A., Richardson, D., Schechter, R., Blumstein, D.T. 2008. Does habituation to humans influence predator discrimination in Gunther’s dik-diks (Madoqua guentheri)? Biology Letters 4: 250-252.

De Jong, Y.A., Butynski, T.M., Nekaris, K.A.I. 2008. Distribution and conservation of the patas monkey Erythrocebus patas in Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 97: 83-102.

Dominy, N.J., Vogel, E.R., Yeakel, J.D., Constantino, P., Lucas, P.W. 2008. Mechanical properties of plant underground storage organs and implications for dietary models of early hominins. Evolutionary Biology 35: 159-175.

Franceschini, M.D., Rubenstein, D.I., Low, B., Romero, L.M. 2008. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analysis as an indicator of stress during translocation and acclimation in an endangered large mammal, the Grevy’s zebra. Animal Conservation 11: 263-269.

Gordon, R.D., Barbero, E. 2008. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 97: 135-164.

Gordon, R.D., Bordat, P., Dellacasa, G., Dellacasa, M. 2008. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 28: 1-15.

Laidre, M.E. 2008. Spontaneous performance of wild baboons on three novel food-access puzzles. Animal Cognition 11: 223-230.

Lea, A.J., Barrera, J.P., Tom, L.M., Blumstein, D.T. 2008. Heterospecific eavesdropping in a nonsocial species. Behavioral Ecology 19: 1041-1046.

Lovette, I.J., McCleery, B.V., Talaba, A.L., Rubenstein, D.R. 2008. A complete species-level molecular phylogeny for the “Eurasian” starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnus, Acridotheres, and allies): Recent diversification in a highly social and dispersive avian group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 251-260.

Martin II, L.B., Rubenstein, D.R. 2008. Stress hormones in tropical birds: patterns and future directions. Ornitologia Neotropical 19: 207-218.

McCauley, D.J., Keesing, F., Young, T.P., Dittmar, K. 2008. Effects of the removal of large herbivores on fleas of small mammals. Journal of Vector Ecology 33: 263-268.

Off, E.C., Isbell, L.A., Young, T.P. 2008. Population density and habitat preferences of the Kenya Lesser Galago (Galago senegalensis braccatus) along the Ewaso Nyiro River, Laikipia, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 97: 109-116.

Ogada, D.L., Gadd, M.E., Ostfeld, R.S., Young, T.P., Keesing, F. 2008. Impacts of large herbivorous mammals on bird diversity and abundance in an African savanna. Oecologia 156: 387-397.

Okello, B.D., Young, T.P., Riginos, C., Kelly, D., O’Connor, T.G. 2008. Short-term survival and long-term mortality of Acacia drepanolobium after a controlled burn. African Journal of Ecology 46: 395-401.

Palmer, T.M., Stanton, M.L., Young, T.P., Goheen, J.R., Pringle, R.M., Karban, R. 2008. Breakdown of an ant-plant mutualism follows the loss of large herbivores from an African savanna. Science 319: 192-195.

Pringle, R.M. 2008. Elephants as agents of habitat creation for small vertebrates at the patch scale. Ecology 89: 26-33.

Pringle, R.M., Fox-Dobbs, K. 2008. Coupling of canopy and understory food webs by ground-dwelling predators. Ecology Letters 11: 1328-1337.

Riginos, C., Grace, J.B. 2008. Savanna Tree density, herbivores, and the herbaceous community: Bottom-up vs. top-down effects. Ecology 89: 2228-2238.

Romanach, S.S., Lindsey, P.A. 2008. Conservation implications of prey responses to wild dogs Lycaon pictus during the denning season on wildlife ranches. Animal Conservation 11: 111-117.

Shorrocks, B., Cristescu, B., Magane, S. 2008. Estimating density of Kirk’s dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii Gunther), impala (Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein) and common zebra (Equus burchelli Gray) at Mpala, Laikipia District, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 46: 612-619.

Sundaresan, S.R., Fischhoff, I.R., Hartung, H.M., Akilong, P., Rubenstein, D.I. 2008. Habitat choice of Grevy’s zebras (Equus grevyi) in Laikipia, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 46: 359-364.

Veblen, K.E. 2008. Season- and herbivore-dependent competition and facilitation in a semiarid savanna. Ecology 89: 1532-1540.

2007

Fischhoff, I.R., Sundaresan, S.R., Cordingley, J., Rubenstein, D.I. 2007. Habitat use and movements of plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in response to predation in danger from lions. Behavioral Ecology 18: 725-729.

Fischhoff, I.R., Sundaresan, S.R., Cordingley, J., Larkin, H.M., Sellier, M.J., Rubenstein, D.I. 2007. Social relationships and reproductive state influence leadership roles in movements of plains zebra, Equus burchelli. Animal Behaviour 73: 825-831.

Georgiadis, N.J., Olwero, J.G.N., Ojwang, G., Romanach, S.S. 2007. Savanna herbivore dynamics in a livestock-dominated landscape: I. Dependence on land use, rainfall, density, and time. Biological Conservation 137: 461-472.

Georgiadis, N.J., Ihwagi, F., Olwero, J.G.N., Romanach, S.S. 2007. Savanna herbivore dynamics in a livestock-dominated landscape. II: Ecological, conservation, and management implications of predator restoration. Biological Conservation 137: 473-483.

Goheen, J.R., Young, T.P., Keesing, F., Palmer, T.M. 2007. Consequences of herbivory by native ungulates for the reproduction of a savanna tree. Journal of Ecology 95: 129- 138.

Isbell, L.A., Chism, J. 2007. Distribution and abundance of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya, 1979-2004. American Journal of Primatology 69: 1223-1235.

Isbell, L.A., Young, T.P. 2007. Interspecific and temporal variation of Ant species within Acacia drepanolobium ant domatia, a staple food of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya. American Journal of Primatology 69: 1387-1398.

Lovette, I.J., Rubenstein, D.R. 2007. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the starlings (Aves: Sturnidae) and mockingbirds (Aves: Mimidae): Congruent mtDNA and nuclear trees for a cosmopolitan avian radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 1031-1056.

Martins, D.J., Johnson, S.D. 2007. Hawkmoth pollination of aerangoid orchids in Kenya, with special reference to nectar sugar concentration gradients in the floral spurs. American Journal of Botany 94: 650-659.

Odadi, W.O., Young, T.P., Okeyo-Owuor, J.B. 2007. Effects of wildlife on cattle diets in Laikipia rangeland, Kenya. Rangeland Ecology and Management 60: 179-185.

Palmer, T.M., Brody, A.K. 2007. Mutualism as reciprocal exploitation: African plant-ants defend foliar but not reproductive structures. Ecology 88: 3004-3011.

Pont, A.C., Baldock, K.C.R. 2007. Two new species of Muscidae (Diptera) from Kenya, associated with flowers of Acacia species (Fabaceae Mimosoideae) and Balanites species (Balanitaceae). Journal of East African Natural History 96: 83-94.

Pringle, R.M., Young, T.P., Rubenstein, D.I., McCauley, D.J. 2007. herbivore-initiated interaction cascades and their modulation by productivity in an African Savanna. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 193-97.

Riginos, C., Young, T.P. 2007. Positive and negative Effects of grass, cattle, and wild herbivores on Acacia saplings in an East African savanna. Oecologia 153: 985-995.

Romanach, S.S., Lindsey, P.A., Woodroffe, R. 2007. Determinants of attitudes towards predators in central Kenya and suggestions for increasing tolerance in livestock dominated landscapes. Oryx 41: 185-195.

Rubenstein, D. I., Sundaresan, S., Fischhoff, I., Saltz, D. 2007. Social networks in wild asses: Comparing patterns and processes among populations. In A. Stubbe, P. Kaczensky, K. Wesche, R. Samjaa, & M. Stubbe (eds.), Exploration into the biological resources of mongolia, Vol. 10, PP. 159-176.

Rubenstein, D.R. 2007. Female extrapair mate choice in a cooperative breeder: trading sex for help and increasing offspring heterozygosity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274: 1895-1903.

Rubenstein, D.R. 2007. Natural history miscellany- Temporal but not spatial environmental variation drives adaptive offspring sex allocation in a plural cooperative breeder. The American Naturalist 170: 155-165.

Rubenstein, D.R. 2007. Stress hormones and sociality: integrating social and environmental stressors. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274: 967-975.

Rubenstein, D.R. 2007. Territory quality drives intraspecific patterns of extrapair paternity. Behavioral Ecology 18: 1058-1064.

Rubenstein, D.R., Lovette, I.J. 2007. Temporal environmental variability drives the evolution of cooperative breeding in birds. Current Biology 17: 1414-1419.

Sundaresan, S.R., Fischhoff, I.R., Dushoff, J., Rubenstein, D.I. 2007. Network metrics reveal differences in social organization between two fission-fusion species, Grevy’s zebra and onager. Oecologia 151: 140-149.

Sundaresan, S.R. Fischhoff, I.R., Rubenstein, D.I. 2007. Male harassment influences female movements and associations in Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi). Behavioral Ecology 18: 860-865.

Woodroffe, R., Lindsey, P.A., Romanach, S.S., Ole Ranah, S.M.K. 2007. African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) can subsist on small prey: Implications for conservation. Journal of Mammalogy 88: 181-193.

Woodroffe, R., Frank, L.G., Lindsey, P.A., ole Ranah, S.M.K., Romanach, S. 2007. Livestock husbandry as a tool for carnivore conservation in Africa’s community rangelands: a case-control study. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 1245-1260.

Young, T.P., Augustine, D.J. 2007. Interspecific variation in the reproductive response of Acacia species to protection from large mammalian herbivores. Biotropica 39: 559-561.

2006

Augustine, D.J., McNaughton, S.J. 2006. Interactive effects of ungulate herbivores, soil fertility, and variable rainfall on ecosystem processes in a semi-arid savanna. Ecosystems 9: 1242-1256.

Douglas-Hamilton, I., Bhalla, S., Wittemyer, G., Vollrath, F. 2006. Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch. Applied Animal Behavior Science 100: 87-102.

Isbell, L.A. 2006. Snakes as agents of evolutionary change in primate brains. Journal of Human Evolution 51: 1-35.

Lindsey, P.A., Alexander, R., Frank, L.G., Mathieson, A., Romanach, S.S. 2006. Potential of trophy hunting to create incentives for wildlife conservation in Africa where alternative wildlife-based land uses may not be viable. Animal Conservation 9: 283-291.

Lovette, I.J., Rubenstein, D.R., Watetu, W.N. 2006. Provisioning of fledgling conspecifics by males of the brood-parasitic cuckoos Chrysococcyx klaas and C. caprius. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 118: 99-101.

McCauley, D.J., Keesing, F., Young, T.P., Allan, B.F., Pringle, R.M. 2006. Indirect effects of large herbivores on snakes in an African savanna. Ecology 87: 2657-2663.

O’Reilly, L., Ogada, D., Palmer, T.M., Keesing, F. 2006. Effects of fire on bird diversity and abundance in an East African savanna. African Journal of Ecology 44: 165-170.

Pringle, R.M., Young, T.P., Rubenstein, D.I., McCauley, D.J. 2006. Herbivore-initiated interaction cascades and their modulation by productivity in an African savanna. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 193-197.

Saltz, D., Rubenstein, D.I., White, G.C. 2006. The impact of increased environmental stochasticity due to climate change on the dynamics of Asiatic wild ass. Conservation Biology 20: 1402-1409.

Wall, J., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Vollrath, F. 2006. Elephants avoid costly mountaineering. Current Biology 16: 527-529.

Wood, W.F., Palmer, T.M., Stanton, M.L. 2006. Volatiles in the mandibular gland of Tetraponera penzigi: A plant ant of the whistling thorn acacia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34: 536-538.

Young, T.P. 2006. Declining rural Populations and the future of biodiversity: missing the forest for the trees? Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy 9: 319-334.

2005

Bailis, R., Ezzati, M., Kammen, D.M. 2005. Mortality and greenhouse gas impacts of biomass and petroleum energy futures in Africa. Science 308: 98-103.

Douglas-Hamilton I., Krink, T., Vollrath, F. 2005. Movements and corridors of African elephants in relation to protected areas. Naturwissenschaften 92: 158-163.

Frank, L.G., Woodroffe, R., Ogada, M.O. 2005. People and predators in Laikipia District, Kenya. In People and Wildlife: Conflict or Co-existence? 9: 286-304.

Gadd, M.E. 2005. Conservation outside of parks: attitudes of local people in Laikipia, Kenya. Environmental Conservation 32: 50-63.

Mcrae, S.B., Emlen, S.T., Rubenstein, D.R., Bogdanowicz, S.M. 2005. Polymorphic microsatellite loci in a plural breeder, the grey-capped social weaver (Pseudonigrita arnaudi), isolated with an improved enrichment protocol using fragment size-selection. Molecular Ecology Notes 5: 16-20.

Muoria, P.K., Muruthi, P., Rubenstein, D., Oguge, N.O., Munene, E. 2005. Cross-sectional survey of gastro-intestinal parasites of Grevy’s zebras in southern Samburu, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 43: 392-395.

Otero-Arnaiz A., Schnabel, A., Glenn, T.C., Schable, N.A., Hagen, C., Ndong, L. 2005. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the East African tree, Acacia brevispica (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). Molecular Ecology Notes 5: 366-368.

Quicke, D.L.J., Stanton, M.L. 2005. Trigastrotheca laikipiensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a new species of brood parasitic wasp that attacks foundress queens of three coexisting acacia-ant species in Kenya. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14: 182–190.

Roca, A.L., Georgiadis, N., O’Brien, S.J. 2005. Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species. Nature Genetics 37: 96-100.

Rubenstein, D.R. 2005. Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the plural cooperatively breeding superb starling, Lamprotornis superbus. Molecular Ecology Notes 5: 739-744.

Sankaran, M., et al. 2005. Determinants of woody cover in African savannas. Nature 438: 846-849.

Stanton, M.L., Palmer, T.M., Young, T.P. 2005. Ecological barriers to early colony establishment in three coexisting acacia-ant species in Kenya. Insectes Sociaux 52: 393-401.

Warui, C.M., Villet, M.H., Young, T.P., Jocque, R. 2005. Influence of grazing by large mammals on the spider community of a Kenyan savanna biome. Journal of Arachnology 33: 269-279.

Woodroffe, R., Frank, L.G. 2005. Lethal control of African lions (Panthera leo): local and regional population impacts. Animal Conservation 8: 91-98.

Woodroffe, R., Lindsey, P., Romanach, S., Stein, A., ole Ranah, S.M.K. 2005. Livestock predation by endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in northern Kenya. Biological Conservation 124: 225-234.

Young, T.P., Palmer, T.M., Gadd, M.E. 2005. Competition and compensation among cattle, zebras, and elephants in a semi-arid savanna in Laikipia, Kenya. Biological Conservation 122: 351-359.

Zavala, M.A., Holdo, R.M. 2005. Delayed effects of fire on habitat use by large herbivores in Acacia drepanolobium savanna. African Journal of Ecology 43: 155-157.

Zhang, P., Sadler, C.M., Liu, T., Fischhoff, I., Martonosi, M., Lyons, S.A., Rubenstein, D.I. 2005. Habitat monitoring with ZebraNet: Design and experiences. In N. Bulusu & S. Jha (eds.), Wireless sensor networks: A system perspective, PP. 235-257.

2004

Augustine, D.J. 2004. Influence of cattle management on habitat selection by impala on central Kenya rangeland. Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 916-923.

Augustine, D.J., McNaughton, S.J. 2004. Regulation of shrub dynamics by native browsing ungulates on East African rangeland. Journal of Applied Ecology 41: 45-58.

Augustine, D.J., McNaughton, S.J. 2004. Temporal asynchrony in soil nutrient dynamics and plant production in a semiarid ecosystem. Ecosystems 7: 829- 840.

Downie, D.A., Gullan, P.J. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) based on DNA sequences from three nuclear genes, and a review of the higher classification. Systematic Entomology 29: 238-259.

Ezenwa, V.O. 2004. Host social behavior and parasitic infection: a multifactorial approach. Behavioral Ecology 15: 446-454.

Ezenwa, V.O. 2004. Interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild bovids. International Journal of Parasitology 34: 535-542.

Ezenwa, V.O. 2004. Parasite infection rates of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in fenced game reserves in relation to reserve characteristics. Biological Conservation 118: 397-401.

Ezenwa, V.O. 2004. Selective defecation and selective foraging: Antiparasite behavior in wild ungulates? Ethology 110: 851-862.

Frank, L.G. 2004. Taking stock: Lions of Laikipia. Africa Geographic: 34-37.

Goheen, J.R., Keesing, F., Allan, B.F., Ogada, D., Ostfeld, R.S. 2004. Net effects of large mammals on Acacia seedling survival in an African savanna. Ecology 85: 1555-1561.

Huntzinger, M., Karban, R., Young, T.P., Palmer, T.M. 2004. Relaxation of induced indirect defenses of acacias following exclusion of mammalian herbivores. Ecology 85: 609-614.

Liu, T., Sadler, C.M., Zhang, P., Martonosi, M. 2004. Implementing software on resource-constrained mobile sensors: Experiences with impala and ZebraNet. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, PP. 256-269.

McCarthy, T., Dorfman, A. 2004. Nowhere to Roam. Time: 30-39.

Palmer, T.M. 2004. Wars of attrition: colony size determines competitive outcomes in a guild of African acacia ants. Animal Behaviour 68: 993-1004.

Rubenstein, D.I. 2004. Zebra Sociality: Different Stripes for Different Types. In Balliol College Record, PP. 18-23.

Rubenstein, D.I., Hack, M. 2004. Natural and sexual selection and the evolution of multi-level societies: insights from zebras with comparisons to primates. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, PP. 266-279.

Sankaran, M., Augustine, D.J. 2004. Large herbivores suppress decomposer abundance in a semiarid grazing ecosystem. Ecology 85: 1052-1061.

Warui, C.M., Villet, M.H., Young, T.P. 2004. Spiders (Araneae) from black cotton soil habitats of a highland savanna biome in Laikipia, central Kenya. Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 1: 9-20.

Young, T.P. 2004. Fire-induced reproduction of Festuca pilgeri in the subalpine zone of Mount Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 42: 235-236.

2003

Augustine, D.J. 2003. Long-term, livestock-mediated redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorous in an East African savanna. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 137-149.

Augustine, D.J. 2003. Spatial heterogeneity in the herbaceous layer of a semi-arid savanna ecosystem. Plant Ecology 167: 319-332.

Augustine, D.J., McNaughton, S.J., Frank, D.A. 2003. Feedbacks between soil nutrients and large herbivores in a managed savanna ecosystem. Ecological Applications 13: 1325-1337.

Bailis, R., Ezzati, M., Kammen, D.M. 2003. Greenhouse gas implications of household energy technology in Kenya. Environmental Science & Technology 37: 2051-2059.

Co, J.E., Jones, T.H., Hefetz, A., Tinaut, A., Snelling, R.R. 2003. The comparative exocrine chemistry of nine Old World species of Messor (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31: 367-373.

Ezenwa, V.O. 2003. The effects of time of day on the prevalence of coccidian oocysts in antelope faecal samples. African Journal of Ecology 41: 192-193.

Ezenwa, V.O. 2003. Habitat overlap and gastrointestinal parasitism in sympatric African bovids. Parasitology 126: 379-388.

Frank, L., Simpson, D., Woodroffe, R. 2003. Foot snares: an effective method for capturing African lions. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31: 309-314.

Georgiadis, N., Hack, M., Turpin, K. 2003. The influence of rainfall on zebra population dynamics: implications for management. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 125-136.

Hahn, N.E., Proulx, D., Muruthi, P.M., Alberts, S., Altmann, J. 2003. Gastrointestinal parasites in free-ranging Kenyan baboons (Papio cynocephalus and P. anubis). International Journal of Primatology 24: 271-279.

Jones, T.H., Zottig, V.E., Robertson, H.G., Snelling, R.R. 2003. The venom alkaloids from some African Monomorium species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29: 2721-2727.

Laurent, P., Hamdani, A., Braekman, J.C., Daloze, D., Isbell, L.A., de Biseau, J.C., Pasteels, J.M. 2003. New 1-alk(en)yl-1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexanes from the Dufour gland of the African ant Crematogaster nigriceps. Tetrahedron Letters 44: 1383-1386.

Ogada, M.O., Woodroffe, R., Oguge, N.O., Frank, L.G. 2003. Limiting depredation by African carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry. Conservation Biology 17: 1521-1530.

Palmer, T.M. 2003. Spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition and coexistence in an African acacia ant guild. Ecology 84: 2843-2855.

Palmer, T.M., Stanton, M.L., Young, T.P. 2003. Competition and coexistence: exploring mechanisms that restrict and maintain diversity within mutualist guilds. The American Naturalist 162: S63-S79.

Stone, G.N., Raine, N.E., Prescott, M., Willmer, P.G. 2003. Pollination ecology of Acacias (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae). Australian Systematic Botany 16: 103-118.

Young, T.P., Stanton, M.L., Christian, C.E. 2003. Effects of natural and simulated herbivory on spine lengths of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya. Oikos 101: 171-179.

2002

Comstock, K.E.., Georgiadis, N., Pecon-Slattery, J., Roca, A.L., Ostrander, E.A., O’Brien, S.J., Wasser, S.K. 2002. Patterns of molecular genetic variation among African elephant populations. Molecular Ecology 11: 2489-2498.

Enstam, K.L., Isbell, L.A. 2002. Comparison of responses to alarm calls by patas (Erythrocebus patas) and vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops) monkeys in relation to habitat structure. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119: 3-14.

Enstam, K.L., Isbell, L.A., De Maar, T.W. 2002. Male demography, female mating behavior, and infanticide in wild patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). international Journal of Primatology 23: 85-104.

Ezzati, M., Kammen, D.M. 2002. Evaluating the health benefits of transitions in household energy technologies in Kenya. Energy Policy 30: 815-826.

Ezzati M., Kammen D.M. 2002. Household energy, indoor air pollution, and health in developing countries: Knowledge base for effective interventions. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 27: 233-270.

Ezzati, M., Kammen, D.M. 2002. The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: Knowledge, gaps, and data needs. Environmental Health Perspectives 110: 1057-1068.

Gadd, M.E. 2002. The impact of elephants on the marula tree Sclerocarya birrea. African Journal of Ecology 40: 328-336.

Hack, M.A., East, R., Rubenstein, D.I.. 2002. Status and action plan for the Plains zebra (Equus burchelli). In P.D. Moehlman (ed.), Equids: Zebras, Asses, and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group, PP. 43-60.

Isbell, L.A., Enstam, K.L. 2002. Predator-(in)sensitive foraging in sympatric female vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas): a test of ecological models of group dispersion. In L.E. Miller (ed.), Eat or Be Eaten: Predation-Sensitive Foraging in Primates, PP. 154-168.

Isbell, L.A., Young, T.P. 2002. Ecological models of female social relationships in primates: similarities, disparities, and some directions for future clarity. Behaviour 139: 177-202.

Juang, P., Oki, H.; Wang Y., Martonosi, M., Peh, L.S., Rubenstein, D. 2002. Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: Design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet. ACM SIGPLAN Notices 37: 96-107.

Palmer, T.M.., Young, T.P., Stanton, M.L. 2002. Burning bridges: Priority effects and the persistence of a competitively subordinate acacia-ant in Laikipia, Kenya. Oecologia 133: 327-379.

Shaw, M.T., Keesing, F., Ostfeld, R.S. 2002. Herbivory on Acacia seedlings in an East African savanna. Oikos 98: 385-392.

Stanton, M.L., Palmer, T.M., Young, T.P. 2002. Competition-colonization trade-offs in a guild of African acacia-ants. Ecological Monographs 72: 347-363.

Vollrath, F., Douglas-Hamilton, I. 2002. African bees to control African elephants. Naturwissenschaften 89: 508-511.

Ward, D., Young, T.P. 2002. Effects of large mammalian herbivores and ant symbionts on condensed tannins of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 921-937.

Wood, W.F., Palmer, T.M., Stanton, M.L. 2002. A comparison of volatiles in mandibular glands from three Crematogaster ant symbionts of the whistling thorn acacia. Biochemical systematic and ecology 30: 217-222.

2001

Carlson, A.A., Isbell, L.A. 2001. Causes and consequences of single-male and multimale mating in free-ranging patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas. Animal Behavior 62: 1047-1058.

Ezzati, M., Kammen, D.M. 2001. Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in Kenya: an exposure-response study. LANCET 358: 619-624.

Ezzati, M., Kammen, D.M. 2001. Quantifying the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on acute respiratory infections in developing countries. Environmental Health Perspectives 109: 481-488.

Frank, L.G., Woodroffe, R. 2001. Behavior of carnivores in exploited and controlled populations. In D. McDonald, R.K. Wayne, & S. Funk (eds.),
Carnivore Conservation: Proceedings of the Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, PP. 419-442.

Gadd, M.E., Young, T.P., Palmer, T.M. 2001. Effects of simulated shoot and leaf herbivory on vegetative growth and plant defense in Acacia drepanolobium. Oikos 92: 515-521.

Garraffo, H.M., Spande, T.F., Jain, P., et al. 2001. Ammonia chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry in structural determination of alkaloids. II. Tetraponerines from pseudomyrmecine ants. Rapid Communications in Mass SPectometry 15: 1409-1415.

Keesing, F., Crawford, T. 2001. Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology 17: 465-472.

Khaemba, W.M., Stein, A., Rasch, D., De Leeuw, J., Georgiadis, N. 2001. Empirically simulated study to compare and validate sampling methods used in aerial surveys of wildlife populations. African Journal of Ecology 39: 374-382.

Mathy, J.M., Isbell, L.A. 2001. The relative importance of size of food and interfood distance in eliciting aggression in captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). Folia Primatologica 72: 268-277.

Metz, M.R., Keesing, F. 2001. Dietary choices of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya. Biotropica 33: 182-187.

Miller, S.E., Lazell, J.D. 2001. A herpetological reconnaissance of Mpala Research Centre, Laikipia, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 90: 103-107.

Miller, S.E., Rogo, L.M. 2001. Challenges and opportunities in understanding and utilization of African insect diversity. Cimbebasia 17: 197-218.

Okello, B.D., O’Connor, T.G., Young, T.P. 2001. Growth, biomass estimates, and charcoal production of Acacia drepanolobium in Laikipia, Kenya. Forest Ecology and Management 142: 143-153.

Roca, A.L., Georgiadis, N., Pecon-Slattery, J., O’Brien, S.J. 2001. Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa. Science 293: 1473-1477.

Vogel, G. 2001. African elephant species splits in two. News of the Week. Science 293: 1414.
 

2000

Ezzati, M., Mbinda, B.M., Kammen, D.M. 2000. Comparison of emissions and residential exposure from traditional and improved cookstoves in Kenya. Environmental Science and Technology 34: 578-583.

Ezzati, M., Saleh, H., Kammen, D.M. 2000. The contributions of emissions and spatial microenvironments to exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion in Kenya. Environmental Health Perspectives 108: 833-839.

Keesing, F. 2000. Cryptic consumers and the ecology of an African savanna. BioScience 50: 205-215.

Okello, B.D., Young, T.P. 2000. Effects of fire, bruchid beetles and soil type on germination and seedling establishment of Acacia drepanolobium. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 17: 46-51.

Palmer, T.M., Young, T.P., Stanton, M.L., Wenk, E. 2000. Short-term dynamics of an acacia ant community in Laikipia, Kenya. Oecologia 123: 425-435.

Pruetz, J.D., Isbell, L.A. 2000. Correlations of food distribution and patch size with agonistic interactions in female vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) living in simple habitats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 49: 38-47.

Young, T.P. 2000. Restoration ecology and conservation biology. Biological Conservation 92: 73-83.

1999

Greenwood, A.D., Capelli, C., Possnert, G., Paabo, S. 1999. Nuclear DNA sequences from Late Pleistocene megafauna. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1466-1473.
Isbell, L.A., Pruetz, J.D., Lewis, M., Young, T.P. 1999. Rank differences in ecological behavior: a comparative study of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops). International Journal of Primatology 20: 257-272.

Isbell, L.A., Pruetz, J.D., Nzuma, B.M., Young, T.P. 1999. Comparing measures of travel distances in primates: Methodological considerations and socioecological implications. American Journal of Primatology 48: 87-98.

Stanton, M.L., Palmer, T.M., Young, T.P., Evans, A., Turner, M.L. 1999. Sterilization and canopy modification of a swollen thorn acacia tree by a plant-ant. Nature 401: 578-581.
 

1998

Isbell, L.A. 1998. Diet for a small primate: insectivory and gummivory in the (large) patas monkey (Erythroocebus patas pyrrhonotus). American Journal of Primatology 45: 381-398.

Isbell, L.A., Pruetz, J.D. 1998. Differences between vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in agonistic interactions between adult females. International Journal of Primatology 19: 837-855.

Isbell, L.A., Pruetz, J.D., Lewis, M., Young, T.P. 1998. Locomotor activity differences between sympatric patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops): implications for the evolution of long hindlimb length in Homo. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 105: 199-207.

Isbell, L.A., Pruetz, J.D., Young, T.P. 1998. Movements of vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) as estimators of food resource size, density, and distribution. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42: 123-133.

Keesing, F. 1998. Ecology and behavior of the pouched mouse, Saccostomus mearnsi, in central Kenya. Journal of Mammalogy 79: 919-931.

Keesing, F. 1998. Impacts of ungulates on the demography and diversity of small mammals in central Kenya. Oecologia 116: 381-389.

McNaughton, S.J., Stronach, N.R.H., Georgiadis, N.J. 1998. Combustion in natural fires and global emissions budgets. Ecological Applications 8: 464-468.

Young, T.P., Okello, B.D. 1998. Relaxation of an induced defense after exclusion of herbivores: spines on Acacia drepanolobium. Oecologia 115: 508-513.

Young, T.P., Okello, B.D., Kinyua, D., & Palmer, T.M. 1998. KLEE: a long-term multi-species herbivore exclusion experiment in Laikipia, Kenya. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 14: 94-104.

1997

Young, T.P., Stubblefield, C.H., Isbell, L.A. 1997. Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species coexistence in a simple system. Oecologia 109: 98-107.

1996

Isbell, L.A., Van Vuren, D. 1996. Differential costs of locational and social dispersal and their consequences for female group-living primates. Behaviour 133: 1 – 36.

1995

Young, T.P. 1995. Landscape mosaics created by canopy gaps, forest edges and bushland glades. Selbyana 16: 127-134.

Young, T.P., Partridge, N., Macrae, A. 1995. Long-term glades in acacia bushland and their edge effects in Laikipia, Kenya. Ecological Applications 5: 97-108.